ANALISIS APBD TAHUN 2012
ANALISIS APBD TAHUN 2012
Abstract
Dalam melakukan analisis pendaptan terdapat empat rasio yang dapat dilihat secara detail, yaitu rasio pajak ( tax ratio ),rasio pajak perkapita ( tax perkapita),ruang fiskal ( fiscal space) serta ketergantungan fiskal. Dua rasio pertama ( tax ratio dan tax perkapita ) menyoroti pajak daerah sebagai sumber utama PAD yang diperbandingkan dengan PDRB dan jumlah penduduk, sedangkan dua rasio yang terakhir menyoroti pengelolaan pendapatan daerah untuk memenuhi kebutuhan belanjanya, serta kemampuan daerah dalam menghasilkan pendapatan daerah dengan tidak tergantung dari pihak eksternal.
Ruang fiskal ( fiskal space ) merupakan suatu konsep untuk mengukur fleksibilitas yang dimiliki pemerintah daerah dalam mengalokasi APBD untuk membiayai kegiatan yang menjadi prioritas daerah. Oleh karena itu bagi pemerintah daerah yang memiliki ruang fiskal yang terbatas, diperlukan kejelian dan strategi yang tepat dalam mengalokasikan belanjanya pada kegiatan-kegiatan yang menjadi prioritas daerah dan mempunyai daya ungkit (leverage) yang tinggi bagi perekonomiannya. Rasio ketergantungan daerah dicerminkan oleh rasio PAD terhadap total pendapatan, serta rasio transfer terhadap total pendapatan. Dua rasio tersebut memiliki sifat berlawanan, yaitu semakin tinggi rasio PAD, semkin rendah ketergantungan daerah dan sebaliknya untuk rasio transfer, semakin tinggi rasio transfer semakin tinggi ketergantungan daerah.
Terkait dengan belanja daerah analisis meliputi rasio belanja pegawai terhadap total belanja, rasio belanja modal per total belanja, rasio belanja modal per jumlah penduduk, rasio bantuan sosial terhadap total belanja daerah.
Mencermati perkembangan APBD 2009 – 2012 dan APBD Tahun Anggaran 2012 yang dikonsolidasikan , maka melalui analisis APBD dapat diketahui seberapa besar kemampuan suatu daerah dapat menggerakan roda perekonomian daerah dan tinggi rendahnya pelayanan publik yang menggambarkan peran pemerintah daerah sebagai aktor dan fasilitator pembangunan.
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