PENULISAN PARAGRAF DALAM KARYA ILMIAH MAHASISWA
PENULISAN PARAGRAF DALAM KARYA ILMIAH MAHASISWA
Abstract
Untuk memenuhi penulisan paragraf dalam karya ilmiah yang baik maka perlu memperhatikan syarat-syarat paragraf seperti kesatuan, pengembangan, kepaduan, kekompakan, dan pengembangan paragraf serta memahami penggunaan jenis-jenis paragraf. Paragraf mengandung aspek kesatuan, gagasan dasar itu dikemukakan ke dalam kalimat topik dan gagasan pengembang dikemukakan ke dalam kalimat –kalimat pengembang serta kalimat-kalimat tersebut saling berhubungan, selanjutnya aspek pengembangan gagasan dasar dinyatakan ke dalam kalimat topik dan gagasan pengembang dinyatakan ke dalam kalimat-kalimat penjelas/lanjutan, aspek kepaduan, yakni keserasian hubungan antargagasan dalam paragraf yang berarti pula keserasian hubungan antarkalimat dalam paragraf, aspek kekompakan, yakni kekompakan struktural dan leksikal. Kekompakan struktural ditandai oleh adanya hubungan struktur kalimat-kalimat yang digunakan dalam paragraf dan kekompakan leksikal ditandai oleh adanya kata-kata yang digunakan dalam paragraf untuk menandai hubungan antarkalimat atau bagian paragraf, aspek pengembangan, yakni pembentukan paragraf dalam teks dikaitkan dengan paragraf yang lain, hasil pengembangan ini ialah untaian paragraf yang menunjukkan paragraf yang cocok dengan paragraf yang lain. Dalam pengungkapan gagasan/ide ke dalam paragraf bisa melalui paragraf deduktif, yakni kalimat topik diletakkan pada awal paragraf dan diikuti kalimat-kalimat pengembang, bila kalimat topiknya diletakkan akhir paragraf dan sebelumnya diawali gagasan- gagasan pengembang disebut paragraf induktif, bila kalimat topik terletak di awal dan akhir paragraf, gagasan pengembangnya diletakkan di antara keduanya disebut paragraf kombinasi, serta kalimat topik terletak pada setiap kalimat disebut paragraf deskriptif. Penerapan penulisan paragraf dalam karya ilmiah tersebut perlu dikembangkan gagasan dalam kalimat-kalimat, satuan paragraf, bab, atau subbab sehingga menjadi suatu karya ilmiah yang utuh. Penulisan karya ilmiah tersebut dituntut juga penginformasian secara utuh, artinya ketelitian dalam tulis-menulis ilmu yang menyangkut data, nama orang, nama tempat, hingga ejaan dan tanda baca
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